Process and machine for sorting garbage into a biological and a combustible fraction

专利摘要:
Summary Process and machine crushing and sorting of mixed and packaged waste in a biofraction for biogas production and a combustible fraction, in grocery stores, restaurants, storks * and the food industry.
公开号:SE1400172A1
申请号:SE1400172
申请日:2014-03-28
公开日:2015-09-29
发明作者:Ulf Nordin
申请人:Ulf Nordin；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates both to a process and to a machine for the division of waste and the sorting of waste into a fraction for biogas production and a brat-Inbar fraction, applied in grocery stores, the food industry, restaurants and department stores.
State of the art In waste management, stalls have increased requirements p5 that the waste, in addition to sorting corrugated cardboard, plastic, glass, metals, hazardous waste, wood, combustible, textiles etc. that are left to recycling facilities, Other waste must be sorted into a rootable biofraction and a brat-Inbar fraction.
This sorting has been carried out for the household in a number of municipalities where the rootable fraction such as food waste, fish, Icon, vegetables, bread, fruit, etc. is placed in special bags and containers. This biowaste must be free of plastic, cardboard, and packaging to suit subsequent processes in current biogas plants.
One instrument for the household to accept this system is that the rate for handling sorted waste is set at less than half of that applied to unsorted waste.
Businesses such as grocery stores and, the food industry, restaurants and department stores511 can usually carry out this sorting and not use the lower tariff because the requirement for the purity of biowaste is absolute. You do not have the resources or human resources to unpack or empty packaging or remove packaging plastic and other unwanted material from bio-waste, so packaged food is sorted as combustible waste at the higher rate together with other "clean" bio-waste.
Packaged food that is used for incineration instead of for biogas production is tens of thousands of tonnes per year and together with unpackaged biowaste is the significant potential that is lost for incineration instead of for gas production.
Troubleshooting In order to overcome this problem, in order to obtain a sorting in shops, restaurants and department stores in a pure biofraction and a fraction containing residual waste for incineration, a machine and a method according to this invention can be used.
The invention thus results in a substantially increased recovery of organic waste for biogas production completely in line with, for example, the EU's increased requirements, while at the same time giving the user a financial incentive to install the system.
The technical background is to specify a procedure for crushing, emptying and sorting all waste in grocery stores, the food industry, restaurants and commercial halls, in everyday speech called taking care of garbage and in a machine that makes this possible. This opens packaging, packaging and jars so that the contents are exposed. The contents, which for the most part consist of biomass, are kneaded and pressed between the packaging material under high pressure, whereby it is separated from it and flows out through a slip in the machine housing. 1 The biomass is collected and goes to containers, pumped to a tank or discharged into the drain. The packaging is collected in the dustbin and incinerated.
The system is installed in the companies' garbage rooms.
What is achieved with this procedure is that in the plant an equivalent is achieved to the sorting of the household into an organic and a combustible fraction, applied in grocery stores, large halls and restaurants. The lower tariff can be used at the same time as the recycling of rotatable material takes place.
Because the machine is fed through a hatch in the cradle, staff do not have to stay in the garbage room when the garbage is left, which significantly improves hygiene and working environment.
Figure designation Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the system seen from the front.
Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the system seen from the side.
Figure 3 shows the starting machine with its individual parts. Seen from the side.
Figure 4 shows the design of the grip between the thread and the housing Figure 5 shows the thread design at the inlet part of the machine.
The invention is described below as an exemplary embodiment.
The intention is to separate the rootable organic part from waste from grocery stores, commercial kitchens and the food industry where the food is often packaged and personnel costs prevent this from being unpacked, which is why all waste goes to incineration With a procedure illustrated schematically p5 Figure 1 and Figure 2 a fraction containing pure organic material and a fraction containing, packaging, cans, plastic passes and other residual waste going to incineration.
In the process a special machine called screw crusher 1 is used, which is described in detail later. The waste is placed in a hatch 7. which falls into the machine whereby the waste falls into the inlet 2. Then the material is processed with so-called screw crusher technology whereby packaging is opened, fruit is crushed, brad is divided, dairy and beverage packaging is emptied, Icon and fish are finely divided, etc. the whole is subjected to high pressure and kneading, whereby the finely divided biomass is forced out through the hollow 3. and collected in the underlying trough 5. after which it flows or is pumped to a suitable container via the outlet 6.. Should the waste be dry, water has been added to the connections 8. whereby separation of the biomass is facilitated and all the lighter must be able to flow out into the tail 3. and later be able to be pumped. In the front of the machine 1. the reject 4. is pressed out and goes to combustion. Figure 3 shows the machine 1. called screw crusher, which is used in the described procedure. This consists of a housing, in its input part 2. U-shaped 9. and the remaining part 10. cylindrical.1 this rotates a screw with thread and shaft, in the input part cylindrical 12. and then conical with the largest diameter towards the machine outlet 14. The screw is driven by motor and gear unit 15. of suitable type and is stored in a spherical bearing 15. only in the feed spirit. The screw is thereby given an irregular oscillating movement depending on variations in the machining material. Kneading and squeezing out of biomass thereby becomes more efficient than if the screw yore is stored in ram spirits. The screw is terminated with an axially displaceable and axially rotating cone 17. which is held in place by a resilient element 18. whose back pressure is installable 19. this to form the reject forms a counter-hall so that a Mgt pressure arises in the machine housing whereby the biomass is forced out through the housing's hall 20.
Figure 4 shows how the housing is built up of slats 21. laid overlapping so that the periphery 22 of the passage 11 hits the edge 23 of the slat, whereby a cutting effect on the material is obtained, a form of continuous scissors.
Figure 4 shows how Wigan 11. has been cut 24. into the feed part of the machine whereby a larger distance 25. between thread and casing is obtained to facilitate that a larger form51, in this case a can 26. can be gripped and fed into the machine. 3

权利要求:
Claims (8)
[1]
Procedure for separating the biological fraction from waste, preferably Packaged food and mixed waste, in shops, industry, restaurants and large kitchens, corresponding to the household sorting, can be drawn by installing a machine according to Figure 3 which is fed 2. with mixed garbage, crushes and sorts the garbage in a biofraction which via Mien 20. flows down and is collected in the hopper 5. to then form further 6. into a pump, drain or container. Reject 4. goes down into the barrel and on to incineration.
[2]
Procedure according to claim 1. Can be drawn by the garbage is loaded into the machine via a hatch 7 which is inserted in the cradle of the garbage room and fed from the outside of the garbage room.
[3]
A machine for carrying out a method according to claim 1, characterized by a screw crusher in an embodiment with details according to figure 3. where the rubbish is screwed towards the outlet with less and less space by the shaft Okar conical 13. in diameter and whereby the rubbish is compressed. The pressure in the garbage is further increased by being held in place by a spring-loaded 18. cone 17 rotating with the shaft.
[4]
Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the screw shaft is mounted only in a spherical bearing 15. In the loading sand, the shaft having a oscillating movement 16. depending on unevenness in the rubbish. This movement facilitates the transport in the screw at the same time as it gives rise to local pressure increases, whereby the separation of the biofraction is facilitated.
[5]
A machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the housing 21 is designed so that the aisle periphery 22 abuts a cutting edge 23, whereby waste packaging is cut up and probed.
[6]
Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the passage 11. In the inlet part is phased by 24.
[7]
A machine according to claim 3, characterized in that water can be supplied via connections
[8]
8. 4 2 1 4 6

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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SE538039C2|2016-02-23|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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法律状态:
2016-11-01| NUG| Patent has lapsed|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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SE1400172A|SE538039C2|2014-03-28|2014-03-28|Process and machine for sorting garbage into a biological and a combustible fraction|SE1400172A| SE538039C2|2014-03-28|2014-03-28|Process and machine for sorting garbage into a biological and a combustible fraction|